The problem seems to be related to the aq_resize() function.
(There have been countless other cases like this on the WPML forums, in all cases the problem is theme-related within this function, none of the existing solutions work for neighborhood)
When you look at line 57 of product-image.php, the correct $image_link is given in both cases when the aq_resize() function is called but in the next line the $image (that has been returned by the aq_resize function) is empty in one case.