The problem is the final size of the logo. I have my retina connected to an external non retina monitor and I can see the logo distorted on the external monitor but the retina version looks fine. So this isn’t even about Windows or Mac, it’s just the dimension of the non retina logo is too small and the lettering can’t be read at that size.
First in my opinion you need to make the logo readable in a non retina monitor because if you reduce the logo in Photoshop to 75 x 75 you still can’t read the text.
In my opinion the standard logo should be 150 x 150 and the retina logo 300 x 300 that will be resized to 150 x 150 because of the device ratio of the retina.
-Rui